{"id":13254,"date":"2022-07-27T17:02:43","date_gmt":"2022-07-27T10:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thegioimaychu.vn\/blog\/?p=13254"},"modified":"2024-01-24T07:52:23","modified_gmt":"2024-01-24T00:52:23","slug":"dao-tao-ai-phan-tan-tren-nhieu-gpus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/blog\/ai-hpc\/dao-tao-ai-phan-tan-tren-nhieu-gpus-p13254\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o AI ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u GPU"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.iblink{color:#975!important;}.iblink:hover{color:orange!important;}<\/style><h2>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111a GPU \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean, th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0i ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i gi\u1edd, v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n! C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111a GPU c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ec9 trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u1ee7a GPU so v\u1edbi CPU \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y, t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u GPU l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><em>\u2192 \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u1edbi <\/em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/workstation\/\">M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u GPU<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2>T\u1ea1i sao GPU l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c Neural Networks?<\/h2>\n<p>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron th\u1ea7n kinh (Neural Networks) ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y. M\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00fat l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u0103ng l\u00ean, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>CPU ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron s\u00e2u (Deep Neural Networks) bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n ma tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p c\u1ed9ng vect\u01a1.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tgmcad hor\" style=\"text-align:center;margin:30px 0; padding: 10px 0; border-radius:5px; border-top:solid 1px #ccc; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccc; \">\r\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/giai-phap\/deep-learning\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng Deep Learning, Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o - AI\" src=\"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/tgmc-deep-learning.jpg\" \/><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u GPU. GPU cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111inh nhanh h\u01a1n CPU d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00f5i tensor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>GPU ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c ngo\u1ea1i suy v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c game \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea9m sinh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh, GPU ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron qua h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m v\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trong h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd mini n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song song v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y. Khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch song song, m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd (khi l\u00f4 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c khi m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh). L\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp theo b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1ecf (trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 GPU): song song d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 song song m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h4>Song song d\u1eef li\u1ec7u &#8211; Data Parallelism<\/h4>\n<p>Data Parallelism l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 cho t\u1eebng GPU \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI. Khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c GPU ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t &#8216;gradient&#8217; ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. V\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gradient ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c gradient \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p ti\u1ebfp theo. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/tgmc-blog-62e0e6727b8c9.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>Synchronous Data Parallelism l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m GPU ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c GPU kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c gradient, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Khi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00ec m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<p>Asynchronous Data Parallelism l\u00e0 n\u01a1i GPU \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gradient \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c gradient \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i tham s\u1ed1 khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. M\u1ed7i GPU kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i GPU kh\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n xong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trung b\u00ecnh gradient, do \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 &#8211; asynchronous. Asynchronous Data Parallelism y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 tham s\u1ed1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, v\u00ec v\u1eady s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gradient v\u00e0 t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o sau m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, n\u00ean GPU l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhanh h\u01a1n. Data Parallelism kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1ecf duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h4>Song song M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh &#8211; Model Parallelism<\/h4>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u00ednh song song c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd chia m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh) tr\u00ean c\u00e1c GPU worker. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u worker \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng GPU. Song song m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p AI t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Data Parallelism. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh song song c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/tgmc-blog-62e0e673bde03.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p class=\"featured\"><em>\u2192 Nh\u1ea5t Ti\u1ebfn Chung cung c\u1ea5p M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111a CPU v\u00e0 \u0111a GPU chuy\u00ean cho AI v\u00e0 H\u1ecdc s\u00e2u. <\/em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/server\/gpu-system\">T\u00ecm hi\u00ea\u0309u th\u00eam t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/a><\/em><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3>\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111a GPU c\u00f3 nhanh h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c mua nhi\u1ec1u GPU c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nh\u01b0ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c. CPU c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 GPU. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u GPU \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n gi\u00fap t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra (v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o) k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea7m tay. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 ph\u00fat \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o (t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng GPU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng).<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp theo b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u GPU \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/p>\n<h3>L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u GPU?<\/h3>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u GPU, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Song song D\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay Song song M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>Li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed7i GPU ch\u1ea1y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng? Hay s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n khi ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u GPU v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n? N\u00f3i chung, Data Parallelism l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Song song D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 Song song M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c Song song D\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 tham s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c GPU c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chia nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 song song c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f4 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (l\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u) v\u00e0 chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00e1m l\u00f4 con (l\u00f4 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9). N\u1ebfu l\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 512 m\u1eabu v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 t\u00e1m GPU, th\u00ec m\u1ed7i trong t\u00e1m l\u00f4 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m 64 m\u1eabu.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed7i GPU trong s\u1ed1 t\u00e1m GPU, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp: chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, chuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, xu\u1ea5t gradient c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1, v.v.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e1m b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng song song d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t GPU cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c GPU kh\u00e1c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t GPU h\u1ebft b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd k\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa chi ph\u00ed khi xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u GPU! Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed7i GPU gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn Song song D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/tgmc-blog-62e0e6752c35b.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<h3>T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c?<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta! GPU d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n r\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng thay v\u00ec v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 v\u00e0i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u. Xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn <a href=\"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/blog\/ai-hpc\/\">ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y tr\u00ean blog c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div>____<br \/><b>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/b><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/blog\/?post_type=post&#038;p=20284\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn GPU ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho AI, Machine Learning<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/blog\/?post_type=post&#038;p=19248\">T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n CPU k\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/blog\/?post_type=post&#038;p=18963\">HPE v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/blog\/?post_type=post&#038;p=18509\">C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 framework AI m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/blog\/?post_type=post&#038;p=18186\">Scikit-learn m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng cho ML tr\u00ean ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Python<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/blog\/?post_type=post&#038;p=18070\">C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Generative AI trong H\u1ecdc s\u00e2u, Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;a GPU &#273;&#7875; &#272;&agrave;o t&#7841;o Ph&acirc;n t&aacute;n C&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng chuy&ecirc;n gia H&#7885;c m&aacute;y &#273;&agrave;o t&#7841;o c&aacute;c m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh AI tr&ecirc;n quy m&ocirc; l&#7899;n ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n s&#7869; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#7871;n gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n. Khi k&iacute;ch th&#432;&#7899;c t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#259;ng l&ecirc;n, th&#7901;i gian x&#7917; l&yacute; c&oacute; th&#7875; t&#259;ng&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13261,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,162],"tags":[12,1233,29],"class_list":["post-13254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ai-hpc","category-giai-phap","tag-deep-learning","tag-extb","tag-machine-learning"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o AI ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u GPU - Blog | TheGioiMayChu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thegioimaychu.vn\/blog\/ai-hpc\/dao-tao-ai-phan-tan-tren-nhieu-gpus-p13254\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o AI ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u GPU - Blog | TheGioiMayChu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"S&#7917; d&#7909;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;a GPU &#273;&#7875; &#272;&agrave;o t&#7841;o Ph&acirc;n t&aacute;n C&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng chuy&ecirc;n gia H&#7885;c m&aacute;y &#273;&agrave;o t&#7841;o c&aacute;c m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh AI tr&ecirc;n quy m&ocirc; l&#7899;n ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n s&#7869; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#7871;n gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n. 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